مقالات

The Hamech area is located in the southwest of Birjand, east of the central Iranian continent, east of the Lut Block and near its junction with the Nehbandan-Khash flyschoid basin )Sistan suture zone). The igneous units in the area include of Paleocene-Eocene volcanic-sedimentary and volcanoclastic rocks and middle Eocene intermediate volcanic-plutonic rocks. The penetration of intermediate subvolcanic rocks into the older units has led to the formation of porphyry-type mineralization with expensive surface alterations. Mineralization can also be seen in two scattered and vein-shaped forms. A small part of vein type mineralization include of quartz veins with stockwork structures, which in relation to sulfide mineralization are divided into two categories: containing pyrite (A type) and containing pyrite-chalcopyrite (B type). Most of the fluid inclusions in these veins are liquid single-phase (L) and have sizes smaller than 10 micron. A type veins are completely magmatic origin and show higher temperatures and salinity than B type veins. Probably, the mixing of initial magmatic fluid with superficial fluids has contributed to the evolution of the B-type veins.

Nowadays, in situ analysis attracts the interests and becomes one of the main purposes in analytical chemistry. An ideal analysis system has the ability of quantification of any concentration of the target analyte in any sample medium. Thus, extraction, detection and quantification of target analytes should be possible using the designed device. Common lab analysis instruments do not have the transportation ability and using these facilities limits the complete in situ analysis. Smartphones are the modern life phenomena and their usage becomes more widespread, every day. Their abilities and features are also swiftly developed. There are several strategies to make the smartphone a suitable quantifier. This paper provides an overview of the currently applications of smartphones in analytical chemistry and presented ones for analysis of geological samples. Different applications of smartphones were classified and advantages and disadvantages of each approach were investigated. These modern common items could be a new part of analytical chemistry

Inversion of Geophysical data plays an important role in different fields of earth exploration, engineering and science. But in most cases the inversion process itself considered as an ill-posed problem and moreover 60 the uncertainty is a characteristic of potential field problems which may cause different algorithms designed for such a goal to have a high level of complexity. Here we used a hybrid approach in using a meta heuristic algorithm (Genetic) and a clustering algorithm (K-means) in inversion of Gravity data to determine the upper and lower bounds of a 2D dense anomaly. In order to evaluate the feasibility of this method we used it in inversion of 2 different synthetic models. Finally, all the results reported for interpretation and analysis. Keywords: Inversion, Non-linear, Gravity Anomaly, Genetic, Clustering, heuristic algorithms

In this research, it has been tried to use the multivariate statistical methods and variogram analysis, detection of the main controller variables from sub variables, classification of elements to recognize the genetic link between them and the application of the results in the better interpretation of the origin of metallic mineralization is possible. In order to identify mineralization and their origin, 210 samples of drainage sediments were collected from a depth of about 30 cm and then samples were sent to the lab for chemical elemental decomposition by ICP-MS method. The results of these methods substantially confirm each other, Which indicates their effectiveness in distinguishing the origin of metallic anomalies in drainage sediment samples. The results obtained by the PCA method show that the metals in the three main components, which make up 85% of the total variance, are placed. The first component consists of Na, Ca, Cu, Cr, K, Mg, Ni and clay minerals Which are related to the lithogenic processes. The second component consists of As, Ag, Fe, Zn, Pb and Cd, Which is probably related to the supergenic mineralization processes of region. Statistical processing and calculation of parameters for variogram tests also show that the NSR parameter varies from 0.001 (for As and Cd) to more than 0.310 (for Pb and Zn), respectively. Based on the variogram analysis, metals such as iron, copper, nickel and chromium, whose NSR ratio is less than 0.25, has mainly endogenic or lithogenic origin And against metals such as lead and zinc, whose NSR ratio is greater than 0.25, DDD DDDDDD DDDDDDDDDD DD DDDDDDDD DDDDDDD. DDD DDDD DDDDDDDDD DD DDD DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDD between lead and zinc is another reason for the effect of exogenic factors on their concentration. The results of this research generally show that the use of multivariate statistical methods along with spatial analysis methods (Variography) Can be an appropriate approach to distinguish the natural origin of abnormal metals in the drainage sediment samples

The Chahkelidanak prospect area is located southwest of Bardaskan, South Khorasan province and in the northeastern Kashmar-Kerman tectonic zone based on structural map of Iran. Rock units of the area includes volcano-sedimentary metamorphosed rocks such as slate-phyllite, metarhyolite, metarhyodacite, recrystallized carbonate rockes and granitic and dioritic intrusions bodies of Percambrin-Cambrin age. Iron mineralization located as alternated concordant layer within sedimentary rocks. Primary minerals includes Magnetite, Pyrite. Hemtite and Goethite are secondary minerals. In Magnetite chemistry, Fe2o3 51.6-98.9 ppm,Cu 4-52 ppm and Zn 32-92ppm values were measured. V,Ti and Ni values are orderly; 14-603 ppm volcano-sedimentary types. Layered structure and texture and syngenetic with deposition, association of 40 volcanic sequences and sedimentary together and geochemical information, delineate Chahkelidanak iron as volcano-sedimentary origin.

The Hamech area is located in the southwest of Birjand, east of the central Iranian continent, east of the Lut Block and near its junction with the Nehbandan-Khash flyschoid basin )Sistan suture zone). The igneous units in the area include of Paleocene-Eocene volcanic-sedimentary and volcanoclastic rocks and middle Eocene intermediate volcanic-plutonic rocks. The penetration of intermediate subvolcanic rocks into the older units has led to the formation of porphyry-type mineralization with expensive surface alterations. Mineralization can also be seen in two scattered and vein-shaped forms. A small part of vein type mineralization include of carbonate veins, which in relation to sulfide mineralization are divided into two 32 categories: barren (A type) and pyrite-bearing (B type). The ratio of carbon isotopes in py-bearing veinlets change from + 2.92 ‰ to + 5.39 ‰, which is a positive result. These values reject the probability of magmatic or organic origin and are consistent with a hydrothermal source of groundwater or the metamorphism of marine carbonate rocks with ophiolites in the subduction zone. Keywords: Fluid source, carbon isotope, Calcite veinlet, Porphyry, Hamech, Birjand.